Securing-washer.



J. H. HOLMES.

SECURING WASHER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 11, 1908.

Patented Apr. 19, 1910.

2 SHEETS-BEBE! 1.

M'znesses J. H. HOLMES.

SECURING WASHER. APPLICATION FILED JULY 11, 1908.

955,16Q, V Patented Apr. 19,1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

# [Tale/wins.

being effected by flattening,

UNrrED STATES PATENT OFFICE. v

JOHN H. HOLMES, OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, ENGLAND.

sncnmne-wnsrrrin.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it'known that I, JOHN H. HoLMEs, a subject of the King of GreatBritain and Ireland, residing at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in the county ofNorthumberland, England, have invented new and useful Improvements inSecuring-Vashers, of which the following is a specification.

' This invention relates to means for fixing or securing a member orpart to, in or in its-carrying or supporting body, and has for objectsto provide means which shall be cheaper in construction, simpler incharacter and as efficient in action as those heretofore proposed.

, ;.After a perusal of the following description and an inspection ofthe drawings, which latter are purely diagrammatic and illustrative, itwill be apparent that the objects mentioned fibOY'G 'have been, or willbe, achieved.

For convenience, of description and of illustration, two simpleapplications of the improvements have been taken; these comprise (a) thefixing collar to or on a shaft or the like and (b) .the fixing orsecuring of a ring 'or plug w thin a hole or chamber.

In all the applications or uses in or to which improved means inaccordance with the present invention may be applied, it is essentialthat the part of the carrying or supporting body to, in or on which themember or part is to be fixed or secured, have parallel sides or walls,and that the face or edge of the means that co-acts, as hereinafterdescribed, with the said .parallel sides or walls be bored, turned,ground or otherwise worked upon so as, when inoperative, to becylindrical and to fit closely said parallel sides or walls.

' The invention has reference, in particular, to fixing or securingmeans of the class in which the member or part is fixed or secured to,in or on the carrying or supporting body by means of washers of dishedor coned formation, the fixing or securing dished or cone washer andforcing a face or edge thereof into frictional engagement with thecarrying or supporting body. Ac cording to the present invention, thedished or coned washer is thin and plain and has its inner or outerperipheral. face or edge, as the case may be, made cylindrical and tofit or securing of a ring or.

more or less, the

Specification or Letters Patent. t t 19, 1910, Application filed July11, 1908. Serial No. 443,095.

closely the carrying or supporting body, the construction andarrangement being such that, when the washer is flattened, the inner orouter peripheral face or edge tends to become coned or tapered, suchconing or tapering causing an alteration in the length of the inner orouter peri heral face or edge and thereby effecting t frictional grip ofthe washer with, and the fixing or securing of the member or part to, inor on the carrying or supporting body.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings:--Figures 1 and 2 are, endelevation, partly in section, and a cross section showing theapplication of the invention to a well known form of single row ballbearing. Figs. 3 and 1 are cross sectional views of modificationshereinafter described. Figs. 5 andfi are similar views to Figs. 8. and4, but of a further modification.

In Figs. 1 and 2, which are purely diagrammatic and illustrative, asalso are Figs.

e engagement or respectively, an

3 to 6, the embodiment contains the two 4 simple applications of theinvention mentioned above, in use in connection with one and the samepiece of mechanism, if the two ball races be regarded as rings.

The single row ball bearing comprises two hardened steel ball races, .1,2- of ordinary construction with a number of'hardened steel balls 3disposed between them. The usual cage or device for keeping the balls intheir proper relative positions is omitted from the drawings -for thesake of clearness. The inner ball race 1 is fixed or secured, ashereinafter. described, to, and revolves with, the shaft 4:, while theouter ball race 2 is fixed or secured, as hereinafter described, in ashaft 4 by. the washer 6;

made of elastic steel of unlform thickness and fairly thin and is ofdished or conical shape and such that a section through an axial planeshows two parallelograms. The washer thus presents on one side a portionof the surface of a very low external cone and on the other side acorresponding surface of an internal cone. The hole through the washeris bored, turned, ground, or otherwise worked upon sothat this face oredge, when the washer is inoperative, is cylindrical and fits closelythe shaft 4. The washer is attached to a side wall of the ball race 1 ibut in th throu h the washer being trued up as deis thus tight y convexside thereof into close contact with the side wall of the ball race. Theflattenmg of the washer tends to cause the hole therethrough to becomeconed or tapered and appreciably smaller in diameter toward the convexside of the washer, thus effecting a frictional rip upon the shaft. Theshaft gripped and the ball race is revented from being shifted upon theshaft y any force that is likely to be brought to bear upon it inordinary use.

In fixing the ball race 2 in the hole or chamber 5 bored to fit theexterior turned surface of the ball race, use is made of a washer 8,similar to that just described above, is arrangement, instead of thehole scribe the outer periphery is turned, ground or otherwise workedupon so that its face or edge is cylindrical and a close fit in the holeor chamber, and the washer is placed with its concave side next to aside wall of the all race and the plain clearance holes for the screwsare drilled near to the edge of the hole through the washer instead ofnear its outer periphery. When the screws are tightened up uniformly soas to flatten the washer and cause it to lose its dished or conicalshape, the outer peripheral face or edge tends to become coned ortapered instead of cylindrical and appreciably larger in diameter towardthe concave side of the washer, thus effecting a frictional grip uponthe hole or chamber. The walls of the hole or chamber are thus stronglyengaged by the washer and the ball race is held in posit-ion. If a moreeffectual grip be required than results from the use of a single washer,a second washer may be added and attached to the other side wall of theball race. This second washer may be flattened out by its own set offlattening screws, or if bolts be employed 1n lieu of screws, these maypass through clearance holes in the ball races and through both washers,which are then flattened out simultaneously by screwing up the nuts.

It will be obvious that instead of using screws or bolts for flatteningout the washer,

it will be possible to arrive at the same end by other means. Forinstance, Fig. 3 shows an,arrangement in which a collar is fixed orsecured to the shaft 4 by means of a nut 9, which is screwed upon thecollar and which washer and causes it to grip illustrated in Fig. 5

the shaft. applied to a or chamber.

In the two arrangements illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, the means whichattach the washer to the member or part and which also serve to flattenthe washer and cause it to engage or grip frictionally the carrying orsupporting body are dispensed with. The washer is flattened and thuscaused to engage or grip frictionally the carrying or Supporting body bymeans which will be Fig. 4 shows this arrangement plug or ring within abored hole hereinafter mentioned. In Fig. 5, the washer 6 is illustratedas holding a ring 10 against a shoulder 11 or an abutment on the shaft4, and in Fig. 6, the washer is shown holding a ring 12 against ashoulder 13 or abutment within the chamber 14. In these two arrangementsit will be noticed that the dis position of the washer relatively to themember or part is the reverse of those illustrated in Figs. 2 to 4inclusive. In Figs. 2, 3 and 5 the member or part is to be fixed orsecured to or on a shaft but in the arrangements illustrated in Figs. 2and 3 the washer is placed with its convex side next to the member orpart, and in Fig. 5 with its concave side next the member or part. InFigs. 2 and 4 the concave side of the washer is placed next the memberor part and in Fig. 6 the convex side is so placed. This alteration ofthe disposition of the washer relatively to the member or part isrendered necessary by the omission of the combined attaching andflattening means. The washer 6 is flattened by p essure applied to theface thereof all around and adjacent the operative face or edge. Withthe arrangement such pressure is conveniently applied by means of a tube15, which is slipped on to the shaft 4 and one end thereof brought intocontact with the face of the washer adjacent the operative face or edge.The tube 15 is of such length that the other end thereof extends beyondthe end of the shaft 4; pressure is applied to this projecting end andtransmitted by the tube to the washer which is flattened. The operativeface or edge is thus caused to become coned or tapered and the holethrough the washer appreciably smaller in diameter toward the convexside, thus effecting a frictional grip upon the shaft. lVith thearrangement illustrated in Fig. 6, the pressure is applied by means of atool or device that is brought into contact with the face of the washeradjacent the operative face or edge.

It has been found from experiment that the dishing or coning of thewasher need not be great, and should not exceed 15; good results inpractice have been obtained when the washer has been dished or coned toabout 5 or 6. It is essential, as has already been pointed out, that theoperative face or edge of the washer be bored, turned, ground 1peripheral face or edge to become coned or or. otherwise worked upon soas to be truly tapered and engage or grip frictionally the c lindricalwhen inoperative, and fit closely carrying or supporting body. t e partof the body with which it is to coi 2. In a device of the classdescribed, the 5 act. I combination with the carrying or supporting Theconstruction of washer described is g body and the member or part thatis to be preferred, but it will beapparent that in fixed -or securedthereto, of a thin plain some instances it may be convenient to havedlshed washer having a peripheral face or the longer sides of theparallelograms shown edge that is parallel with and fits closely the ina section of the washer through an axial carrying or support'ng body,means for atplane curved instead of straight. taching said washer tosaid member or part It is found that the grip exerted by -the and forflattening said washer, so as'to cause washer upon the body issufiicient to prevent I said peripheral face or edge to become conedlongitudinal or endwise relative movement. or tapered and to engage orgri frictionally between the member or part and the body, said carryingor supporting bo y.

unless an abnormal force be applied to bring 3. In a device of the classdescribed, the

about such a movement. The invention has combination with the carryingor supportnot for object the fixing or securing of a ing body and themember or part that is to member or part to, in or on a body so as to befixed or secured thereto, of a thin plain transmit from one to the otherany large dished washer having a peripheral face or force tending tocause rotative relative moveedge that is parallel with and fits closelyment, although in many cases, such for. exthe carrying or supportingbody, means for the grip exerted by the washer will be amply part andpassing through the washer resufiicient to deal with the rotative forcesmote from said peripheral face or edge, said which it will have to meet.In special cases, means also acting to flatten said washer an anordinary key partiall ,sunk in-the memcause said peripheral face or edgeto become her or part and in the b0 y may be employed coned or taperedand to engage frictionally to supplement the grip exerted by the saidcarrying or supporting bo y. washer or washers and thus deal satisfac-4. In a device of the class described, the torily with comparativelyheavy rotative combination with the carrying or supporting forces. 7body and the member or part that is to be Although in the foregoingdescription the fixed or secured thereto, of a thin plain invention hasbeen described in connection dished washer having a peripheral face orwith the fixing or securing of a member or edge'that is parallel withand fits closely the body of cylindrical form, it will be obviousthrough said washer remote from sai that the invention is not limited toa body peripheral face or edge, screws passing of such form, but isapplicable in connection through said holes into the member or part 40.with bodies whose walls or sides are parallel. and attaching the washertheretoand also What I claim is zactin to flatten said washer and causesai 1. Ina device of zthe class described, the perip eral face or edgeto become coned or combination with the carrying or supportta ered andto engage or grip frictionally ing' body and the member or part that isto said carrying or supporting body.

be fixed or secured thereto, of a thin plain Dated this 29th day ofJune, 1908.

dished washer having a peripheral face or JOHN H. H LMES. edge that isparallel with and fits closely the Witnesses:

carrying or supporting body, and means for H. NIXON, 1

flattening said washer so as to cause sai ALLEN CRowE.

ample, as the ball bearing described above, attaching said washer tosaid member or a part to, in or on a carrying or supporting carrying orsupporting body, *holes formed

